The functions of nouns and pronouns

The nouns in every sentence have a function. The determiner (the, a, my, his, this, etc.) that goes in front of German nouns often changes depending on the function of the noun. In your first year of German you need to understand the following noun functions:

In the following sentences, the red words are the subject and the green words are the object.

In German the subject is in the Nominative case, and the object is in the Accusative case. Only masculine nouns change their determiner between the nominative and accusative cases.

Here is a table showing the most common determiners:

    Masculine  Feminine  Neuter  Plural [All Genders]
           
N
o
m
i
n
a
t
i
v
e
  der

ein

kein

mein - dein ++

 die

 eine

 keine

 meine - deine ++

 
 das

 ein

 kein

 mein - dein ++

 
 die

 --

 keine

 meine - deine ++

 
           

A
c
c
u
s
a
t
i
v
e
 
de n

ein en

kein en

mein en - dein en ++

 
 
 die

 eine

 keine

 meine - deine ++

 
 
 das

 ein

 kein

 mein - dein ++

 
 
 die

 --

 keine

 meine - deine ++

All sentences must have a subject [Nominative], but of course, not every sentence has an object. Here are some sentences without an object.


You learned above that the Nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence. The Nominative is also used for the complement. The complement most often follows the verb "sein / to be". In the following sentences, the subject is shown in red and the complement is shown in blue:

Die Banane ist eine Frucht.
Mein PC ist kein schneller Computer.
Mein
Großvater ist ein sehr intelligenter Mann .

Watch two video explanations about subjects and objects.